Periodontal (Gum) Disease 101: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments That Work

📍 Dr. Christopher Bingham | Periodontist in Austin, TX

Did you know that nearly half of adults over 30 have some form of periodontal disease? 

What starts as mild redness or bleeding while brushing can escalate into serious dental issues, including gum recession, loose teeth, and even tooth loss. The key to a healthy smile is understanding the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis—and knowing when to take action.

What is Gingivitis?

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease and is reversible. It occurs due to plaque buildup along the gumline. When plaque isn’t removed through proper brushing and flossing, it leads to:

• Red, swollen gums
• Bleeding when brushing or flossing
• Persistent bad breath (halitosis)

Gingivitis is often painless, which is why many people do not realize they have it until it has progressed. While mild gingivitis may not seem alarming, untreated inflammation can lead to more serious complications.

Good news! Gingivitis is treatable and reversible with proper oral hygiene, professional cleanings, and regular dental checkups. Early intervention is key to preventing the progression of periodontal disease.

How to Reverse Gingivitis

To stop gingivitis in its tracks, follow these simple steps:

• Brush your teeth at least twice daily.
• Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth.
• Visit a dentist or periodontist for professional cleanings.
• Maintain a healthy diet and avoid excessive sugar intake.

Gingivitis is highly preventable with daily oral hygiene habits. If you have symptoms, don't delay in addressing them—early action can prevent costly and uncomfortable dental treatments later.

What is Periodontitis?

If left untreated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, a more severe form of periodontal disease. This occurs when plaque spreads below the gumline, leading to:

• Deep pockets between teeth and gums
• Bone loss, loose teeth, and eventual tooth loss
• Gum recession (pulling away from teeth)

As the disease progresses to periodontitis, infection and inflammation spread beneath the gumline—causing bone loss, gum recession, and deep pockets between the teeth and gums. At this stage, treatment aims to stop further damage and protect your oral health through targeted therapies and consistent professional care.

Periodontitis requires professional intervention, starting with deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) and, in more advanced cases, pocket reduction surgery (osseous surgery). 

Pocket reduction surgery reduces deep gum pockets, making it easier to maintain oral hygiene and prevent further infection or tooth loss. In some cases, bone grafting and gum grafting may also be performed to restore lost tissue and support long-term oral health.

Symptoms of Periodontitis

In addition to persistent bad breath, gum recession, and deep pockets, some other signs of periodontitis include:

• Increased tooth sensitivity due to exposed roots
• Changes in the way your teeth fit together when biting
• Pus between your gums and teeth, a sign of infection
• A metallic taste in your mouth

The earlier periodontal disease is diagnosed, the more successful treatment can be in preserving your natural teeth.

Stages of Periodontal Disease

1. Gingivitis – Mild inflammation of the gums, reversible with proper care.
2. Early Periodontitis – Gums start pulling away from teeth, forming small pockets.
3. Moderate Periodontitis – Bone loss begins, and teeth may start to loosen.
4. Advanced Periodontitis – Significant bone loss, tooth mobility, and potential extractions.

Understanding these stages can help patients recognize symptoms early and seek appropriate treatment before extensive damage occurs.

Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease

Several factors can increase the risk of developing periodontal disease:

• Smoking and tobacco use – One of the most significant risk factors
• Diabetes – High blood sugar affects gum health
• Genetics – Family history plays a role
• Poor oral hygiene – Infrequent brushing and flossing
• Stress – Weakens the immune system’s response to infections
• Certain medications – Some drugs reduce saliva flow, contributing to dry mouth and increased risk of periodontal disease
• Hormonal changes – Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can make gums more sensitive
• Nutritional deficiencies – Lack of vitamin C and other nutrients can weaken gum health

If you have any of these risk factors, taking preventive measures is especially important to avoid the development of periodontal disease.

Preventing Periodontal Disease

To lower your risk of developing periodontal disease, follow these essential oral care tips:

• Brush twice daily using toothpaste. 
• Floss every day to remove plaque from between teeth. 
• Visit a periodontist regularly for professional exams and cleanings. 
• Quit smoking to protect your gums and oral health. 
• Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals to support gum health. 
• Manage health conditions such as diabetes that can contribute to gum disease. 
• Stay hydrated to promote saliva production, which naturally cleanses the mouth. 
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it can contribute to dry mouth and increased bacterial growth.

Preventing periodontal disease not only protects your teeth but also benefits your overall health. Studies show links between gum disease and conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

Advanced Periodontal Disease Treatment at Council Oak Perio

At Council Oak Perio, Dr. Christopher Bingham, a board-certified periodontist in Austin, Texas specializes in advanced treatments for periodontal disease, including:

• Minimally invasive scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar below the gumline
• PerioView technology – an advanced endoscopic imaging system for precise deep cleanings
• Pocket Reduction (Osseous) Surgery to remove deep pockets around the teeth
• Dental implants to replace missing teeth caused by severe periodontitis
• Comprehensive periodontal maintenance programs to prevent disease recurrence

Our goal is to provide the most effective and comfortable treatment for periodontal disease, helping patients maintain optimal oral health and regain confidence in their smiles.

When to See a Periodontist

If you notice any of the following signs of periodontal disease, schedule an appointment immediately:

• Swollen or bleeding gums 
• Receding gums 
• Persistent bad breath 
• Loose teeth 
• Pain while chewing 
• Pus between teeth and gums 
• Changes in the fit of dentures or bridges

Early intervention is crucial to preventing periodontal disease from worsening and leading to permanent tooth loss. If you have any concerns about your gum health, it is best to consult a periodontist before the condition progresses.

Protect Your Smile – Schedule a Consultation Today!

Understanding the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis is essential for lifelong oral health. While gingivitis is reversible, periodontitis requires expert periodontal care. Prioritizing your gum health today can prevent serious dental problems in the future. Contact us today and check out the array of services we offer.

Visit Us: 711 W. 38th St, Ste G5, Austin, TX 78705
Call: (512) 453-1600

Sources: 

• CDC – Periodontal Disease Statistics
• American Academy of Periodontology – Risk Factors
• Mayo Clinic – Gingivitis Overview